MY PROGRESS: Universalism and Particularism
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1998) came up with seven dimensions of culture which include universalism and particularism. Universalism emphasizes on rules, while particularism stresses on relationship. In order for one to achieve success, one needs to struggle and work hard. This is what meant by universalism. On the other hand, working hard does not promise a success. Relationship is mandatory which constitute the accepted norm of particularism. In career success, one expects that one's contribution or effort is being rewarded extrinsically or intrinsically. For academics, research productivity has becoming an influential measurement to build their career success. The ability to publicize their research in high impact journal and then citations made by other researchers will contribute a big impact to their career success. They will be rewarded for that. A promotion which will be based on numbers of publications and citations will result on an increase in salary. These ex