MY PROGRESS: Universalism and Particularism

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Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1998) came up with seven dimensions of culture which include universalism and particularism. Universalism emphasizes on rules, while particularism stresses on relationship. In order for one to achieve success, one needs to struggle and work hard. This is what meant by universalism. On the other hand, working hard does not promise a success. Relationship is mandatory which constitute the accepted norm of particularism.
In career success, one expects that one's contribution or effort is being rewarded extrinsically or intrinsically. For academics, research productivity has becoming an influential measurement to build their career success. The ability to publicize their research in high impact journal and then citations made by other researchers will contribute a big impact to their career success. They will be rewarded for that. A promotion which will be based on numbers of publications and citations will result on an increase in salary. These extrinsic rewards lead to career satisfaction. The citations made on their publications symbolize recognition of their unique and original contribution that may intrinsically felt by academics.
In relation to universalistic and particularistic norms, academics who meet universalistic attribute usually tend to achieve objective career success. Unless their publications are being recognized by other scholars, they may achieve the subjective career success. However, academics who focus on particularistic attribute tend to rely on the connection with other's background or ability. They will be able to achieve subjective career success if they manage to work well with other academics who they are working with. In comparison with universalistic type of academics, academics who bank on particularistic attribute have to struggle harder to convince other's commitment.

{This is an extract of my PhD's dissertation, Jakaria Dasan}

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